Literature

This listing includes published drug checking literature divided into scientific articles and various reports

Content last updated : 8-11-2023

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Scientific articles

2023

Substances from unregulated drug markets – A retrospective data analysis of customer-provided samples from a decade of drug checking service in Zurich (Switzerland). Magnolini et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 114, April 2023
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095539592300021X

A Systematized Review of Drug-checking and Related Considerations for Implementation as A Harm Reduction Intervention. Giulini et al. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs Volume 55, 2023 – Issue 1.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.2022.2028203

2022

Beyond co-production: The construction of drug checking knowledge in a Canadian supervised injection facility. Betsos et al. Social Science & Medicine, Volume 314, December 2022.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953622005354

Validation of a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the detection of fentanyl in drug samples. Park et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 240, November 2022.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871622003477

Drug use patterns, harm reduction strategies and use of drug checking services in boom festival patrons. Valente et al. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 3 November 2022.
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DHS-01-2022-0004/full/html

Take-home drug checking as a novel harm reduction strategy in British Columbia, Canada. Klaire et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 106, August 2022.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395922001608

A longitudinal study of behavioural outcomes following a visit to the Boom Festival 2018 drug checking service: individual and group level results. Valente et al. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2022.2072187

The Bronze Age of drug checking: barriers and facilitators to implementing advanced drug checking amidst police violence and COVID-19. Carroll et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 19, Article number 9, 2022.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-022-00590-z

Cannabis adulterated with the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-4en-PINACA and the role of European drug checking services. Oomen et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 100, February 2022.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395921004060

Invited Commentary: Drug Checking for Novel Insights Into the Unregulated Drug Supply. Dasgupta & Figgatt. American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 191, Issue 2, February 2022.
https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/191/2/248/6370874

Time-Series Analysis of Fentanyl Concentration in the Unregulated Opioid Drug Supply in a Canadian Setting. Tobias et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 191, Issue 2, February 2022.
https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-abstract/191/2/241/6274219

2021

Drug checking services for people who use drugs: a systematic review. Maghsoudi et al. Addiction 2021;1–13.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.15734

Profile and correlates of colorimetric reagent kit use among people who use ecstasy/MDMA and other illegal stimulants in Australia. Peacock et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 97, November 2021.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395921002395

Visitors of the Dutch drug checking services: Profile and drug use experience. Koning et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 95, September 2021, 103293
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395921001997

Xylazine detected in unregulated opioids and drug administration equipment in Toronto, Canada: clinical and social implications. Bowles et al. Harm Reduction Journal, volume 18, Article number 104, 2021.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-021-00546-9

Is expected substance type associated with timing of drug checking service utilization?: A cross-sectional study. Beaulieu et al. Harm Reduction Journal, volume 18, Article number 66, 2021.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-021-00514-3

Evaluation of fentanyl test strip distribution in two Mid-Atlantic syringe services programs. Park et al. The International journal on drug policy Volume 94, August 2021.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395921000943

An outbreak of novel psychoactive substance benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply: Preliminary results from a community drug checking program using point-of-care and confirmatory methods. Laing et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 93, July 2021.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395921000670

Drug checking at dance festivals: A review with recommendations to increase generalizability of findings. Palamar & al. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2021 Jun; 29(3): 229–235.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33600199/

Intentions, actions and outcomes: A follow up survey on harm reduction practices after using an English festival drug checking service. Measham & Turnbull. International Journal of Drug Policy, available online 8 May 2021.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395921001675
http://fileserver.idpc.net/library/1-s2.0-S0955395921001675-main.pdf

Detection of synthetic cannabinoid adulteration in the unregulated drug supply in three Canadian settings. Ti et al. Drug and alcohol review, Volume 40, Issue 4, May 2021.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dar.13237

Selectivity and sensitivity of urine fentanyl test strips to detect fentanyl analogues in illicit drugs. Bergh et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 90, April 2021.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395920304035

Implementing an integrated multi-technology platform for drug checking: Social, scientific, and technological considerations. Wallace et al. Drug Testing and Analysis Volume 13, Issue 4, April 2021, pages 734-746.
https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.3022

“I couldn’t live with killing one of my friends or anybody”: A rapid ethnographic study of drug sellers’ use of drug checking. Betsos et al. The International journal on drug policy Volume 87, January 2021, 102845.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020365/

Drug checking identifies counterfeit alprazolam tablets. Tobias et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 218, January 2021.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871620304658

2020

Factors associated with drug checking service utilization among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting. Long et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 17, Article number: 100, 2020.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00454-4

What About Drug Checking? Systematic Review and Netnographic Analysis of Social Media. Guirguis et al. Current neuropharmacology 2020 Oct; 18(10): 906–917.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709144/

Agency in the fentanyl era: Exploring the utility of fentanyl test strips in an opaque drug market. Weicker et al. International Journal of Drug Policy Volume 84, October 2020.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395920302395

Fentanyl self-testing in a community-based sample of people who inject drugs, San Francisco. Oh et al. The International journal on drug policy, Volume 82, August 2020.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395920301286

Piloting the UK’s First Home-Office-Licensed Pharmacist-Led Drug Checking Service at a Community Substance Misuse Service. Guirguis et al. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), July 2020.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465824/

Drug Checking and Its Potential Impact on Substance Use. Betzler et al. European Addiction Research, June 12, 2020.
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/507049

An assessment of the limits of detection, sensitivity and specificity of three devices for public health-based drug checking of fentanyl in street-acquired samples. Green et al. International Journal of Drug Policy. Volume 77, March 2020.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395920300025

City checking: Piloting the UK’s first community‐based drug safety testing (drug checking) service in 2 city centres. Measham. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020; 1–9
https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bcp.14231

What is needed for implementing drug checking services in the context of the overdose crisis? A qualitative study to explore perspectives of potential service users. Wallace et al. Harm Reduction Journal volume 17, Article number: 29 (2020).
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00373-4

Assessing the limit of detection of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and immunoassay strips for fentanyl in a real-world setting. McCrae et al. Drug and alcohol review, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 2020. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dar.13004

2019

Drug checking services at music festivals and events in a Canadian setting. McCrae et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 205, 1 December 2019. 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871619303667

Evaluation of a drug checking service at a large scale electronic music festival in Portugal. Valente et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2019, 73, 88–95. 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395919301859

Acceptability of implementing community-based drug checking services for people who use drugs in three United States cities: Baltimore, Boston and Providence. Sherman et al. The International journal on drug policy 2019 Jun;68:46-53.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30991301/

New psychoactive substances (NPS) in the Netherlands: occurrence in forensic drug samples, consumer drug samples and poisons center exposures between 2013 and 2017. Hondebrink et al. Addiction, Volume 115, Issue 4, April 2020, Pages 716-725.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14868

Drug safety testing, disposals and dealing in an English field: Exploring the operational and behavioural outcomes of the UK’s first onsite ‘drug checking’ service. Measham. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2019. 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395918302755

Trusting the source: The potential role of drug dealers in reducing drug-related harms via drug checking. Bardwell et al. Drug and alcohol dependence Volume 198, 1 May 2019, Pages 1-6.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6467706/

Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study. Goldman et al. Harm Reduction Journal, 2019. 
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-018-0276-0 

2018

Prevalence of reagent test‐kit use and perceptions of purity among ecstasy users in an electronic dance music scene in New York City. Palamar & Barratt. Drug and Alcohol Review, 2018. 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dar.12882

Drug checking as a potential strategic overdose response in the fentanyl era. Laing et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359874

Use of rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs. Krieger et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018. 
https://www.ijdp.org/article/S0955-3959(18)30246-9/abstract

Fentanyl test strips as an opioid overdose prevention strategy: Findings from a syringe services program in the Southeastern United States. Peiper et al. International Journal of Drug Policy, 2018. 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395918302135

Drug checking at an electronic dance music festival during the public health overdose emergency in British Columbia. Mema et al. Canadian Journal of Public Health (2018). 
https://link.springer.com/article/10.17269/s41997-018-0126-6

Initial results of a drug checking pilot program to detect fentanyl adulteration in a Canadian setting. Tupper et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2018) 190: 242-245. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30064061

Evaluation of a fentanyl drug checking service for clients of a supervised injection facility, Vancouver, Canada. Karamouzian et al. Harm Reduction Journal (2018) 15:46. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131768/

Fentanyl self-testing outside supervised injection settings to prevent opioid overdose: Do we know enough to promote it? McGowan et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 2018, Volume 58, 31 – 36. 
https://www.ijdp.org/article/S0955-3959(18)30125-7/fulltext

Harm reduction innovation during an overdose emergency. Lysyshyn & Buxto. UBCMJ. 10:1. August 2018. 
https://ubcmj.med.ubc.ca/past-issues/ubcmj-volume-10-issue-1/

Willingness to use drug checking within future supervised injection services among people who inject drugs in a mid-sized Canadian city. Kennedy et al. Drug & Alcohol Dependence (2018), Volume 185 , 248 – 252. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475198

High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs. Krieger et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2018, 15:7.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-018-0213-2

Drug checking: a potential solution to the opioid overdose epidemic? Bardwell & Kerr. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2018, 13:20 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5970470/

The importance of drug checking outside the context of nightlife in Slovenia. Sande & Šabić. Harm Reduction Journal 15 (2018): 2.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-018-0208-z

Music Festival Attendees’ Illicit Drug Use, Knowledge and Practices Regarding Drug Content and Purity: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Niamh et al. Harm Reduction Journal 15 (2018): 1.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-017-0205-7

Pill testing or drug checking in Australia: Acceptability of service design features. Barrat et al. Drug and Alcohol Review 2018 Feb;37(2):226-236.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dar.12576

2017

Cocaine adulteration. Kudlacek et al. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 2017, 83/84, 75-81.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891061817300030

Who is ‘Molly’? MDMA adulterants by product name and the impact of harm-reduction services at raves. Saleemi et al. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2017 Aug;31(8):1056-1060.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693371

An overview of forensic drug testing methods and their suitability for harm reduction point-of-care services. Harper et al. Harm Reduction Journal 14 (2017): 52.
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-017-0179-5

The utility of drug checking services as monitoring tools and more: A response to Pirona et al. Vidal Giné et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 45 (2017) 46–47.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Vidal2017_Utility-of-Drug-Checking-services.-Answer-to-Pirona_IJDP.pdf

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x-NBOMe at Portugal’s Boom Festival. Martins et al. Human Psychopharmacology Clinical & Experimental 2017;32:e2608.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/The-detection-and-prevention-of-unintentional-consumption-of-DOx-and-25x-NBOMe-at-Portugals-Boom-Festival..pdf

Purity, adulteration and price of drugs bought on-line versus off-line in the Netherlands. van der Gouwe et al. Addiction 2017 Apr;112(4):640-648.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.13720

The hidden web and the fentanyl problem: Detection of ocfentanil as an adulterant in heroin. Quintana et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 2017 Feb;40:78-83.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/The-hidden-web-and-the-fentanyl-problem-Detection-of-ocfentanil-as-an-adulterant-in-heroin.pdf

Drug Testing in Europe: Monitoring Results of the Trans European Drug Information (T.E.D.I) Project. Brunt et al. Drug Testing and Analysis 2017 Feb;9(2):188-198.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Drug-Testing-in-Europe-Monitoring-Results.pdf

Is online information on ecstasy tablet content safe? Vrolijk et al. Addiction 2017 112: 94–100.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.13559

Application of a Combined Approach to Identify New Psychoactive Street Drugs and Decipher Their Mechanisms at Monoamine Transporters. Mayer et al. In M. H. Baumann, R. A. Glennon, & J. L. Wiley (Eds.), Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): The Science Behind the Headlines, pp. 333–350, 2017. Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_63

2016

Results of an international drug testing service for cryptomarket users. Caudevilla et al. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2016 Sep;35:38-41.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Results-of-an-international-drug-testing-service-for-cryptomarket-users.pdf

Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000-2014: are they the same or different in terms of purity and adulteration? Vidal Giné et al. Forensic Science International Forensic Science International 2016 Jun;263:164-168
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Crystals-and-tablets-in-the-Spanish-ecstasy-market-2000-2014-are-they-the-same-or-different-in-terms-of-purity-and-adulterat.pdf

2011-2015

Monitoring new psychoactive substances (NPS) in The Netherlands: Data from the drug market and the Poisons Information Centre. Hondebrink et al. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 2015 Feb 1;147:109-15.
http://www.drugandalcoholdependence.com/article/S0376-8716(14)01978-4/abstract

New psychoactive substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying phenomenon? Vidal Giné et al. Drug Testing and Analysis 2014 Jul-Aug;6(7-8):819-24.
https://energycontrol-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/New-psychoactive-substances-as-adulterants.pdf

MALDI Orbitrap mass spectrometry for fast and simplified analysis of novel street and designer drugs. Ostermann et al. Clinica Chimica Acta, 433, 254–258, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.013

The identification and chemical characterization of a new arylcyclohexylamine, methoxetamine, using a novel Emergency Department toxicosurveillance tool. Westwell et al. Drug Testing and Analysis 2013, 5: 203-207. 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dta.1375

A combined approach using transporter-flux assays and mass spectrometry to examine psychostimulant street drugs of unknown content. Rosenauer et al. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 4(1), 182–190, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cn3001763

Monitoring illicit psychostimulants and related health issues. Brunt, T. University of Amsterdam 2012.
https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=a78ca5a5-f665-400b-9933-dea9998430f2

Drug-Checking: A prevention measure for a heterogeneous group with high consumption frequency and polydrug use – evaluation of Zurichs Drug-Checking services. Hungerbuehler et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2011;8:16.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123557/

2006-2010

Illicit drugs policy through the lens of regulation. Ritter. The International journal on drug policy 2010 Jul;21(4):265-70.
https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/through_the_lens_of_regulation-2010.pdf

Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993-2008. Vogels et al. Addiction 2009 Dec;104(12):2057-66.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19804461

Monitoring ecstasy content in France: results from the National Surveillance System 1999-2004. Giraudon & Bello. Substance use & misuse 2007;42(10):1567-78.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17918027

Testing Drugs versus Testing for Drug Use: Private Risk Management in the Shadow of Criminal Law. MacCoun. 56 DePaul L. Rev. 507, 2006.
https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/1209/

A survey of regular ecstasy users’ knowledge and practices around determining pill content and purity: Implications for policy and practice. Johnston et al. International Journal of Drug Policy 2006, vol. 17, pp. 464 – 472.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395906001058

Pharmacological content of tablets sold as “ecstasy”: results from an online testing service. Tanner-Smith. Drug and alcohol dependence 2006 Jul 27;83(3):247-54.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364567

2000-2005

Underground pill testing, down under. Camilleri & Caldicott. Forensic science international 2005 Jun 30;151(1):53-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15935943

Konsumtypen bei freizeitdrogenkonsumenten in Österreich. Eggerth et al. Sucht, 51(2), 88–96, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1463/2005.02.04

Putting an Ecstasy test kit to the test: harm reduction or harm induction? Murray et al. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Oct;23(10):1238-44.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14594341

Drug Checking: Monitoring the Contents of New Synthetic Drugs. Schroers. Journal of Drug Issues 2002 Vol 32, Issue 2, pp. 635 – 646.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002204260203200219

Monitoring synthetic drug markets, trends, and public health. Spruit. Substance use & misuse 2001 Jan;36(1-2):23-47.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305353

Ecstasy pill testing: harm minimization gone too far? Winstock et al. Addiction. 2001 Aug;96(8):1139-48.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/17d9/8cd59fa3edafd0a501ca445f9ff283f9373f.pdf

Validation of twelve chemical spot tests for the detection of drugs of abuse. O’Neal et al. Forensic science international 2000 Apr 10;109(3):189-201.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10725655

1970-1999

Ecstasy Use and Policy Responses in the Netherlands. Spruit. Journal of Drug Issues 1999, Vol 29, Issue 3, pp. 653 – 677. 
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002204269902900312

MDMA on the Street: Analysis Anonymous®. Renfroe. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 1986, Vol 18, Issue 4, 363-369
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1986.10472371

Misrepresentation of Stimulant Street Drugs: A Decade of Experience in an Analysis Program. Klatt et al. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 1986, Vol 24, Issue 5, 441-450 
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563658608992606

Street drug analysis: an eleven year perspective on illicit drug alteration. Renfroe & Messinger. Seminars in adolescent medicine 1985 Dec;1(4):247-57.
https://erowid.org/references/texts/show/8539docid7920

The Evolution of a Community Based Drug Analysis Program. Falck. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 1981 13(4):381-383.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1981.10471897

The 1977 Street Drug Analysis Results. Clinical Toxicology, Volume 14, 1979 – Issue 5, Pages 619-630.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657908992473

Drug use and analysis results: 1973-1975. Helisten. Clinical toxicology, Volume 10, 1977 – Issue 3, Pages 367-369.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657708992436

Status of Drug Quality in the Street-Drug Market-An Update. Brown & Malone. Clinical Toxicology, 1976, 9:2, 145-168.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657608988120

An Interpretation Of Trends in Street Drug Analysis Programs: Whom Do They Serve? Kealy & Webber. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 1975, 7:3, 281-289.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1975.10471517

Street Drug Analysis and Community Based Drug Programs. Smith. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 1974, 6:2, 153-159.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1974.10471824

Summary of Street Drug Results—1973. Clinical Toxicology Volume 7, 1974 – Issue 6, Pages 637-644.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15563657408988039

Some U.S. Street Drug Identification Programs. Brown & Malone. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1973, Volume 13, Issue 12, 670 – 674.
http://www.japha.org/article/S0003-0465(16)32815-4/abstract

Street-Drug Identification Program In Amsterdam. Zwart. Pacific Information Service on Street-Drugs, Issue 11, June 1973
https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/issd/

A Street-Drug Identification program. Brown. Pacific Information Service on Street-Drugs, Issue 4, May 1972
https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/issd/

Analysis of illicit drugs. Filedt Kok et al. The Lancet, Volume 297, Issue 7708, 22 May 1971, Pages 1065-1066
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673671916242

Reports

2023

Factsheet TEDI data from 2022 : 
https://www.tedinetwork.org/factsheet_2022
 

2022

Philtre 2013-2022. Welsh Emerging Drugs & Identification of Novel Substances Project (Wedinos). Public Health Wales.
http://www.wedinos.org/newsletter.html

Check It: How Drug Testing Programs Can Reduce Overdose Deaths. September 2nd, 2022. Katharine Neill Harris. Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy.
https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/check-it-how-drug-testing-programs-can-reduce-overdose-deaths

A Report on British Columbia’s Unregulated Drug Supply: Drug checking trends across British Columbia (January to December 2021). Knill et al. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, June 2022.
https://www.bccsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/BCCSU_BCs_Annual_Drug_Checking_Report2022.pdf

Relatório do serviço de drug checking da Kosmicare – Novembro 2020 – Novembro 2021. Kosmicare, Kosmic Publications, 2022.
https://kosmicare.org/files/kc_report_2021_pt.pdf

2021

Report of the Emerging Drug Trends and Drug Checking Working Group 2021. Keenan et al. HSE National Social Inclusion Office.
https://www.drugs.ie/features/feature/emerging_drug_trends_and_drug_checking_report_2021

Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) Annual Report 2020. Trimbos-instituut 2021. 
https://www.drugs-test.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Annual-Report-DIMS-2020.pdf

Drug Checking Jahresbericht 2020. checkit! 2021.
https://checkit.wien/media/checkit-Jahresbericht-2020-Final.pdf

Drug checking em Portugal: Do proibicionismo às políticas baseadas na evidência. Beserra. In H. Valente; Pires, C.; M. Daniel; Cunha, M. (Ed.), Redução de Danos em Contexto de Festas (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 105–120, 2021). EDITORA CRV. https://doi.org/10.24824/978652510280.1

Comparing Drugs Checked Across BC Drug Checking Sites. Ma et al. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 2021.
https://www.bccsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/BCCSU_Comparing_Drugs_Checked_Across_BC_Drug_Checking_Sites.pdf

2020

Drug Checking Service Report – November 2019 to November 2020. Kosmicare, Kosmic Publications, 2020.
https://www.kosmicare.org/files/kc_report_2020_en.pdf

Drug Checking Jahresbericht 2019. checkit! 2020.
https://checkit.wien/media/Drug-Checking-Jahresbericht-2019.pdf

Detection of etizolam, flualprazolam, and flubromazolam by benzodiazepine-specific lateral flow immunoassay test strips. Shapiro et al. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, July 2020.
https://www.bccsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/BenzoTestStrip_Report.pdf

Tryggere med kunnskap – Anbefalinger til implementering av rusmiddelanalysetjenester i Norge. Mjelva et al. Foreningen tryggere ruspolitikk, June 2020.
https://www.rusreform.no/rusmiddelanalyse

Adulterants, Contaminants and Co-occurring Substances in Drugs on the Illegal Market in Canada: An Analysis of Data from Drug Seizures, Drug Checking and Urine Toxicology. Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, April 2020.
https://www.ccsa.ca/adulterants-contaminants-and-co-occurring-substances-drugs-illegal-market-canada-analysis-data-drug-report

Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) Annual Report 2019. Trimbos-instituut 2020.
https://web.archive.org/web/20201211225024/https://www.trimbos.nl/docs/5681180d-c006-4abb-a421-6a6362a45857.pdf

Drug Checking—An approach to chemical anarchy. Valente & Martins. Erowid.org. February 2020. Online at: https://erowid.org/psychoactives/testing/testing_article3.shtml

2019

ACT Pill Testing Trial 2019: Program evaluation. Olsen et al. Australin National University, December 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1885/195646

Literature review of drug checking in nightlife –Methods, services, and effects. Centre for Rusmiddelforsknin, University of Aarhus. Danish Health Authority and Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research (DHA/CRF), 2019.
https://www.sst.dk/-/media/Udgivelser/2019/Engelsk-version-Litteraturgennemgang-om-stoftest-i-nattelivet.ashx

Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Amendment (Pill Testing Pilot for Drug Harm Reduction) Bill 2019, Bill Brief No. 3, December 2019, Department of Parliamentary Services Parliament of Victoria
https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/research-papers/send/36-research-papers/13901-drugs-poisons-and-controlled-substances-amendment-pill-testing-pilot-for-drug-harm-reduction-bill-2019

Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) Annual Report 2018. Trimbos-instituut 2019. 
https://web.archive.org/web/20210601152119/https://assets-sites.trimbos.nl/docs/bdb79228-d2eb-45ea-8f1a-671456a3ad16.pdf

Factsheet on drug checking in the Netherlands. Trimbos-instituut 2019.
https://www.trimbos.nl/aanbod/webwinkel/product/af1677-the-drugs-information-and-monitoring-system-dims

A field assessment of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and fentanyl immunoassay strips as point-of-care drug checking technologies. Yau et al. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, September 2019.
https://www.bccsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FTIR_TestStrip_Field_Assessment-Sept2019.pdf

Drug Checking: Operational Technician Manual. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use. McCrae et al., March 2019. 
http://www.bccsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BCCSU-Technician-Manual-March-2019.pdf

20+ ans d’analyse de produits psychotropes en Belgique francophone; Le testing: évolution d’un projet de réduction des risques [20+ years of drug checking in French-speaking Belgium; Pill testing: evolution of a harm reduction project]. Libois et al. Brussels: Modus Vivendi asbl. 2019.
http://www.modusvivendi-be.org/IMG/pdf/cr_no50-_20_ans_de_testing.pdf

Huumausaineiden todellinen sisältö ja tiedon vaikutus käyttöpäätöksiin jäämänäytetutkimuksen valossa. Järvelin et al. Tietopuu: Katsauksia & näkökulmia 5/2019. A-klinikkasäätiö.
https://tietopuu.a-klinikkasaatio.fi/tutkittua/julkaisu/huumausaineiden_todellinen_sisalto_ja_tiedon_vaikutus_kayttopaatoksiin_jaamanaytetutkimuksen_valossa

2018

Standards Drug Checking: Counselling Module. Brunner et al. Infodrog, Swiss Office for the Coordination of Addiction Facilities, 2018. 
https://www.infodrog.ch/files/content/nightlife/de/standards-drug-checking-beratung_en_def.pdf

Drug Checking on Vesterbro. A pilot project at Men’s Home. ”Harm Reduction Through Knowledge”. Gosmer. Helsefonden, Oak Foundation Denmark, Mændenes Hjem, 2018.

Report on Canberra GTM Harm Reduction Service, Harm Reduction Australia, June 2018 
https://www.harmreductionaustralia.org.au/3780-2/

Comparing Models of Drug Checking Services in Canada – Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation 18.7.2018 
https://cdpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Comparing-Models-of-DCS-in-Canada_CDPE.pdf

Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) Annual Report 2017. Trimbos-instituut 2018.
https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020840/https://assets-sites.trimbos.nl/docs/b182f333-9363-4fef-9273-ffa050e1a1fe.pdf

Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues: Samples of adulterated heroin from cryptomarkets. Technical Reports 001. Energy Control International (ABD). 2018.
https://energycontrol-international.org/first-ec-international-report-heroin-adulterated-with-fentanyl-derivatives-in-cryptomarkets/

Global review of drug checking services operating in 2017. Barrat et al. Drug Policy Modelling Bulletin no. 24. National Drug & Alcohol Research Center, UNSW Sydney.
https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/resource/bulletin-no-24-global-review-drug-checking-services-operating-2017

Night Lives: Reducing Drug-Related Harm in the Night Time Economy. Measham & Fisher. Volteface 19.3.2018.
http://volteface.me/publications/night-lives/

Fentanyl Test Strip Pilot: San Francisco 2017-2018. Marshall. Harm Reduction Coalition 18.2.2018.
https://harmreduction.org/issue-area/overdose-prevention-issue-area/fentanyl-test-strip-pilot/

Fentanyl Overdose Reduction Checking Analysis Study (FORECAST). Sherman & Green. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 6.2.2018.
https://www.jhsph.edu/news/news-releases/2018/low-tech-low-cost-test-strips-show-promise-for-reducing-fentanyl-overdoses.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20200107134505/https://americanhealth.jhu.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/Fentanyl_Executive_Summary_032018.pdf

2017

Drug checking as a harm reduction intervention. Evidence Review Report. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use. Kerr & Tupper. December 2017.
https://www.bccsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Drug-Checking-Evidence-Review-Report.pdf

Drug checking as a harm reduction tool for recreational drug users: opportunities and challenges. Brunt. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). 30.10.2017.
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/document-library/drug-checking-pill-testing-harm-reduction-tool-recreational-drug-users-opportunities-and-challenges_en

BAONPS DRUG CHECKING: reccomendation for a pilot implementation & technique update – RAMAN Spectroscopy. Fornero et al. B.A.O.N.P.S. – Be Aware On Night Pleasure Safety. 19.10.2017.
http://pefprints.pef.uni-lj.si/4916/

Drug safety testing at festivals and night clubs. Royal Society for Public Health 8.6.2017.
https://www.rsph.org.uk/about-us/news/let-festival-goers-and-clubbers-test-their-drugs-to-reduce-harm.html

Factsheet “Drug Checking”. Infodrog, 2017, Switzerland.
http://www.infodrog.ch/drug-checking.html

Evidence Brief: Drug checking services as a harm reduction intervention. Leece. Public Health Ontario, February 2017.
https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/E/2017/eb-drug-checking.pdf

Report on the analyzed substances in Spain by Energy Control during 2015. Energy Control 2017.
https://energycontrol-international.org/energy-control-national-drug-testing-service-report-2015/

Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) Annual Report 2016. Trimbos-instituut 2017.
https://web.archive.org/web/20201111194501/https://assets-sites.trimbos.nl/docs/27b4c407-3fa0-44ef-891b-9ca90ba335dc.pdf

2016

Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) Annual Report 2015. Trimbos-instituut 2016.
https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204456/https://assets-sites.trimbos.nl/docs/02cad3e9-eec1-4a71-92a6-c03653085a0d.pdf

A Pill Too Hard To Swallow? – A Public Health and Legislative Consideration of Methods to Reduce Drug-Related Harm in the Victorian Party Scene: On-SitePill Testing, Market Monitoring and Publication of Police Drug Seizure Data. Lefkovits. A Report Prepared for the Victorian Parliamentary Internship Program, 10 June 2016.
https://web.archive.org/web/20180319145704/http://pilltestingsaveslives.org.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2016/08/Pill-Testing-Report.pdf

Drug Checking at Music Festivals: A How-To Guide. Sage & Michelow. ANKORS. 2016.
https://michelow.ca/drug-checking-guide/

Drug checking services: Brief. Tregoning, Unharm. May 2016.
https://www.unharm.org/drug-checking-brief/

2011-2015

Harm Reduction and Drug Checking: A wrap-around service for festivals. Case Study: Shambhala Music Festival. Sage. ANKORS, 2015.
http://michelow.ca/doc/2015_ankors_smf_summary.pdf

“Start Small, Take it Easy“: Results from the ANKORS harm reduction survey at the 2013 Shambhala music festival. Michelow & Dowden. ANKORS, 2015. 
http://michelow.ca/doc/ankors-2013-smf-survey-report.pdf

Third TEDI trend report. The Trans-European Drug Information project (TEDI). 2013.
https://web.archive.org/web/20140816192252/http://www.tediproject.org:80/uploads/trend_reports_file_1377412718.pdf

Second TEDI trend report. The Trans-European Drug Information project (TEDI). 2013.
https://web.archive.org/web/20130228015258/http://www.tediproject.org:80/uploads/trend_reports_file_1359936258.pdf

First TEDI trend report. The Trans-European Drug Information project (TEDI). 2012
https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/chafea_pdb/assets/files/pdb/20101207/20101207_d06-02_en_psbinder.pdf

TEDI Drug Checking Consultation and Counselling Guidelines. Bücheli & The Trans-European Drug Information project (TEDI). 2012.
http://www.safernightlife.org/assets/docs/Counseling_guidelines_TEDI.pdf

Guidelines for Drug Checking Methodology. The Trans-European Drug Information project (TEDI). June 2012.
https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023149/http://newip.safernightlife.org/pdfs/digital_library/Guidelines%20for%20Drug%20Checking%20Methodology.pdf

Good Practice Standards for Drug-Checking Services. Ventura et al. Nightlife Empowerment & Well-being Implementation Project. 2012.
https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/28907/

Local Point of Reception and Information for Party Drug Users. Modus Vivendi. EMCDDA Best practice portal: EDDRA project description. 2012.
https://web.archive.org/web/20180319151503/https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index52035EN.html?project_id=4996&tab=overview

Factsheet on Drug Checking in Europe. The Trans-European Drug Information project (TEDI). October 2011.
https://www.drugsdata.org/text/2011/2011_tedi_factsheet_on_drug_checking_in_europe.pdf

2000-2010

Évaluation des actions de réduction des risques dans le cadre des activités de testing menées par l’ASBL Modus Vivendi [Evaluation of harm reduction actions in the context of drug checking activities conducted by Modus Vivendi, a nonprofit organization]. Huberty et al. Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles, École de Santé Publique, 2010.

Réduction des risques avec analyse de nouvelles drogues de synthèse : évaluation [Harm reduction with analysis of new psychoactive sybstances: evaluation]. Houioux et al. Brussels: ULB Promes. 2006.

Evaluation Study: Impact Of Pill Testing Programmes With Regard To The Consumption Behaviour And Risk Consciousness Among Users Of Synthetic Drugs (ecstasy). EMCDDA Best practice portal: EDDRA project description. 2003.
https://web.archive.org/web/20190319015441/https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index52035EN.html?project_id=2828&tab=overview

Scientific Project: ChEck iT! EMCDDA Best practice portal: EDDRA project description. 2002.
https://web.archive.org/web/20201029142858/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index52035EN.html?project_id=1780&tab=overview

Pill Testing, Ecstasy & Prevention: A Scientific Evalution in Three European Cities. Benschop et al. Rozenberg Publishers. 2002.
http://arils.uva.nl/nl/content/onderzoeksgroepen/bonger-instituut-voor-criminologie/publicaties/publicaties-archief/2002.html

An inventory of on-site pill-testing interventions. Kriener et al. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2001.
https://web.archive.org/web/20210321170238/https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index1577EN.html

Street drug analysis and its social and clinical implications. Marshman et al. 1974 Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation. 
https://archive.org/details/streetdruganalys00mars